Artikel Conditional Sentence

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE Conditional Sentence (Kalimat pengandaian) adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau mungkin tidak terjadi seperti yang diharapkan. Kalimat pengandaian terdiri atas dua bagian, yaitu man clause (induk kalimat) dan if clause (anak kalimat). Dalam if clause terkandung syarat-syarat yang harus dipenuhi agar keadaan seperti terkandung dalam main clause dapat terwujud. Oleh karena itu, conditional sentences disebut juga kalimat bersyarat. Conditional Sentences atau kalimat pengandaian terdiri dari dua jenis yaitu real conditional (nyata) dan unreal/ contrary to fact (tidak nyata). Conditional sentences pada umumnya memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut: a. digunakannya kata if dalam anak kalimat (subordinate clause). Karena clause ini diawali olehif maka disebut if clause. b. digunakannya modal auxiliary, seperti will, can, may, must, would, could, might, etc.pada pokok kalimat (main clause). Ada beberapa tipe Conditional Sentence, yaitu: 1. Type I: Future Conditional 2. Type II: Present Conditional 3. Type III: Past Conditional 1. Type I: Future Conditional Kalimat ini mengungkapkan kejadian yang diharapkan akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang dan memiliki kemungkinan untuk terjadi. (probable condition) Pola kalimat: If + S + Verb (present), S + future tense atau subjek + future tense, if + subjek + future tense Contoh: 1. If she comes, I will give her the message. 2. If you study hard, you will pass the final exam. 3. If she wins the competition, they will give her a gold medal. 4. He will not go to the picnic, if it rains. 5. If we arrive late, she will be angry with us. 2. Type II: Present Conditional Kalimat ini menyatakan peristiwa yang diharapkan terjadi sekarang tetapi tidak terjadi.(Improbable condition) Pola kalimat: If + S + Verb 2 / were + S + would + Verb1 If + S + V2, Subject + Past Future Contoh: 1. If she visited me, I would give her money. 2. 2. If I had enough time, I would go fishing. 3. If you were a sugar, I would be a ant. 4. If Natasha Rizky were my girlfriend, I would be the happiest boy in the world. 5. If he smokes less, he wouldn’t cough so much. Catatan: Pada tipe ini, to be untuk semua subyek pada IF clause adalah WERE. 3. Type III : Past Conditional Kalimat ini menyatakan peristiwa yang diharapkan terjadi di waktu lampau, tetapi tidak terjadi.(impossible condition) Pola kalimat: If + S + Past Perfect +, S + Past perfect future + Verb 3 Subject + Past perfect future, if + Subjek + Past Perfect + V3 Contoh: 1. If he had studied hard, he would have passed the final exam. 2. If the team had played well, it would have won the competition. 3. If Alter Bridge had been here, I would have been very happy. 4. If you had come to my house, you would have met me. 5. If I had known her number, i would have called her Pengertian Conditional Type 1 Conditional type 1 adalah kalimat pengandaian yang digunakan ketika result / consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) memiliki kemungkinan untuk terwujud karena condition-nya realistik untuk dipenuhi di masa depan. Rumus Conditional Type 1 Rumus kalimat pengandaian ini dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut di bawah ini. 1. if + condition, result/consequence if + simple present, will + bare infinitive 2. atau rumus tanpa menggunakan koma: 3. result/consequence + if + condition will + bare infinitive + if + simple present 4. Negatif if + condition 5. Rumus: if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless. Contoh Conditional Type 1 Beberapa contoh conditional type 1 dapat dilihat di bawah ini. 1. Kalimat Contoh conditional type 1 dengan koma Contoh conditional type 1 tanpa koma (+) If I have free time, I will go swimming. I will go swimming if I have free time. If the bell rings, I’ll go home. I’ll go home if the bell rings. (-) If you do not finish your homework, your teacher will be angry. Your teacher will be angry if you do not finish your homework. If he doesn’t come, I won’t be angry. I won’t be angry if he doesn’t come. Unless he comes, I will not be angry. I will not be angry unless he comes. If he comes, I won’t be angry. I won’t be angry if he comes. (?) If they invite you, will you come? Will you come if they invite you? Pengertian Conditional Type 2 Conditional type 2 adalah kalimat pengandaian yang digunakan ketika result / consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak memiliki atau hanya sedikit kemungkinan untuk terwujud karena condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi dimasa sekarang (present unreal situation) atau condition-nya sulit untuk dipenuhi di masa depan (unlikely to happen). Rumus Conditional Type 2 Rumus kalimat pengandaian ini dapat dilihat sebagai berikut. if + condition, result/consequence if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive 1. atau rumus tanpa menggunakan koma: 2. result/consequence + if + condition would/could/might + bare infinitive + if + simple past 3. Negatif if + condition 4. Rumus: if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless. 5. Were Menggantikan Was Pada conditional type 2, were digunakan menggantikan was meskipun subjek yang digunakan merupakan pronoun: she, he, it, maupun kata benda tunggal. Hal ini untuk menunjukkan bahwa pengandaiannya benar-benar hanya berupa khayalan semata karena tidak condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi (present unreal situation). 6. if + condition, result/consequence if + S + were, would (could/might) + bare infinitive Contoh Conditional Type 2 (+) If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day. (Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.) He would sleep all day if it rained tomorrow. but I don’t have much hope it will rain (tapi saya tidak punya cukup keyakinan bahwa besok akan hujan) If Nisa studied hard, she would pass. (Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia akan lulus.) Nisa would pass if she studied hard. but Nisa doesn’t study hard (tapi Nisa tidak belajar keras.) If I had much money, I would buy a sport car. (Jika saya punya banyak uang, saya akan membeli sebuah mobil sport.) I would buy a sport car if I had much money. but I don’t have much money (tapi saya tidak punya banyak uang) If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity. (Jika saya seorang millionaire, saya akan mendonasikan uang saya untuk amal.) I would donate my money to charity if I were a millionaire. but I’m not a millionaire (tapi saya bukan seorang milioner) (-) If Nisa didn’t study hard, she wouldn’t be passed. (Jika Nisa tidak belajar keras, dia tidak akan lulus.) Nisa wouldn’t be passed if she didn’t study hard. but Nisa studies hard (tapi Nisa belajar keras) If Nisa studied hard, she wouldn’t fail. (Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia tidak akan gagal.) Nisa wouldn’t fail if she studied hard. - If Nisa didn’t study hard, she would fail. atau Unless Nisa studied hard, she would fail. (Jika Nisa tidak belajar keras, dia akan gagal.) Nisa would fail If she didn’t study hard. atau Nisa would fail unless she studied hard. - If I were a millionaire, I wouldn’t donate my money to charity. I wouldn’t donate my money to charity if I were a millionaire. - (?) If Nisa didn’t study hard, would she fail? Would Nisa fail if she didn’t study hard? - If I had much money, would I buy a sport car? Would I buy a sport car if I had much money? - If I were a millionaire, would I donate my money to charity? Would I donate my money to charity If I were a millionaire? - Pengertian Conditional Type 3 Conditional type 3 adalah kalimat pengandaian yang digunakan ketika result / consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak ada kemungkinan untuk terwujud karena condition-nya harus sudah dipenuhi di masa lalu. Rumus Conditional Type 3 Rumus kalimat pengandaian ini adalah sebagai berikut. if + condition, result/consequence if + past perfect, would/should/could/might + bare infinitive atau rumus tanpa menggunakan tanda baca koma: result/consequence + if + condition would/should/could/might + bare infinitive + if + past perfect Contoh Conditional Type 3 Beberapa contoh conditional type 3 dapat dilihat di bawah ini. (+) If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party. I would have attended your party if you had remembered to invite me. (-) If the waitress had been careful, she wouldn’t have broke many plates. She wouldn’t have broke many plates if the waitress had been careful. (?) If he had asked for forgiveness, would you have forgived him? Would you have forgived him if he had asked for forgiveness? Sumber : http://www.freelancer.in/projects/artikel-conditional.html